sábado, 25 de abril de 2015

Revisão sobre karate

Physiological responses to karate specific activities

Les réponses physiologiques aux activités spécifiques de karaté
  • H. Chaabènead
  • E. Franchinie
  • S. Sterkowiczc
  • M. Tabbenbf
  • Y. Hachanaad
  • K. Chamaridg
    • Summary

      Objectives

      The aim of this critical review was to discuss performance analysis characteristics and particular physiological demands related to karate kata and kumite.

      News

      The intermittent nature of karate has been revealed via kumite's time-motion analysis, with a 1:1.5 effort-pause ratio during official competition. Karate combat is mainly dependent on the aerobic metabolism. However, decisive actions’ energy is provided by the anaerobic system. Concerning kata, it seems that the fraction of the energy supply is mainly a function of kata's duration. The high-energy phosphate seems to be the major contributors while the aerobic energy system’ participation rises with the increased kata's duration.

      Prospects and projects

      Future investigations in an ecologically valid environment are needed to support the findings presented in the current review.

      Conclusion

      Irrespective of karate's discipline, the aerobic system represents the main energy system, especially in longer kataKumite appears to demand much higher metabolic power than kata, regardless of gender, while kata appears to require more ATP-PCr energy system contribution than kumite.

      Résumé

      Objectif

      Cette étude est une synthèse critique de la littérature concernant l’analyse de la performance en karaté et les réponses physiologiques suite au karaté kata et kumité.

      Actualités

      Les travaux traitant l’analyse des combats officiels ont montré que le karaté est un sport à caractère intermittent avec un rapport effort/récupération de 1:1.5. Le système oxydatif domine la synthèse énergétique durant le combat avec intervention de la filière anaérobie au cours des actions décisives. En ce qui concerne le kata, la fraction d’intervention des filières énergétiques est tributaire de la durée du kata. En effet, la part d’intervention du système des phosphagènes (ATP-PCr) prédomine avec une intervention de plus en plus importante de la filière aérobie qui va de paire avec l’augmentation de la durée du kata.

      Perspectives et projets

      Des études futures dans des conditions officielles de compétition (kata et/ou kumité) semblent être nécessaires pour confirmer les résultats actuels de la présente revue.

      Conclusion

      Indépendamment de la spécialité (kata ou kumité), la filière aérobie semble être le premier responsable de la synthèse énergétique, particulièrement durant les kata de longue durée. La puissance métabolique durant le kumité semble être plus prononcée par rapport au kata indépendamment du sexe tandis que l’intervention du système ATP-PCr paraît être plus importante durant le kata par comparaison au kumité.

      Keywords

      • Karate kata
      • Karate kumite
      • Physiological responses
      • Time-motion analysis

      Mots clés

terça-feira, 14 de abril de 2015

Artigo na edição de abril do International Journal of Sports Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism

Weight Loss and Psychological-Related States in High-Level Judo Athletes



2015, 25, 110 – 118

http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijsnem.2013-0163
Purpose: This study aimed at comparing weight loss methods (WLM) performed near competition by elite judo athletes from different age and gender groups and relating WLM with the prevalence of eating disorders. Methods: 144 athletes (66 females and 78 males) from the Spanish judo teams participated in this observational descriptive study grouped into cadets, juniors, and seniors. Data were collected during previous training meetings to international tournaments. The used tools are a basic data questionnaire, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI-T), Food Craving Questionnaire-Trait (FCQ-T), Restraint Scale (RS), and Eating Attitude Test (EAT- 40). Two-way ANOVAs and chi-square tests were used to compare groups. Results: Seniors presented higher use of WLM, especially one week before competition compared with juniors. Judoists were more involved in their diets and reduced more weight as they were older. Females were more concerned about their diets, presented higher anxiety, scored higher in the emotion scale, and more eating disorders symptoms, although weight loss was lower. Anxiety and eating disorders symptoms differences were more common in juniors and
cadets, respectively, with higher scores in females. Conclusions and Implications: Seniors seem to develop more effective strategies to cope with weight loss. Cadet and junior females are more likely to suffer from the psychological-related states associated to weight loss. Implications: (1) Educational programs might help competitors and coaches to adopt and promote healthier weight loss processes, (2) special attention should be paid to female young judoists to detect eating disorders in its early stages, and (3) judo organizations should consider implementing new rules to sanction harmful weight loss practices.
Keywords: weight reduction, eating disorders, psychological stress, combat sports, martial arts


http://journals.humankinetics.com/ijsnem-current-issue/ijsnem-volume-25-issue-2-april/weight-loss-and-psychological-related-states-in-high-level-judo-athletes